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Olympia Snowe

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Olympia Snowe
Snowe smiling
Snowe in October 2009
United States Senator
from Maine
In office
January 3, 1995 – January 3, 2013
Preceded byGeorge Mitchell
Succeeded byAngus King
Chair of the Senate Small Business Committee
In office
January 3, 2003 – January 3, 2007
Preceded byJohn Kerry
Succeeded byJohn Kerry
First Lady of Maine
In role
February 24, 1989 – January 5, 1995
GovernorJohn McKernan
Preceded byConstance Brennan
Succeeded byMary Herman
Member of the U.S. House of Representatives
from Maine's 2nd district
In office
January 3, 1979 – January 3, 1995
Preceded byBill Cohen
Succeeded byJohn Baldacci
Member of the Maine Senate
from the 12th district
In office
January 5, 1977 – January 3, 1979
Preceded byElmer Berry[1]
Succeeded byBarbara Trafton[2]
Personal details
Born
Olympia Jean Bouchles

(1947-02-21) February 21, 1947 (age 78)
Augusta, Maine, U.S.
Political partyRepublican
Spouses
​
​
(m. 1969; died 1973)​
​
(m. 1989)​
EducationUniversity of Maine (BA)
Signature
WebsiteOfficial website
Olympia Snowe's voice
Snowe discusses opposition to the closure of Naval Air Station Brunswick at a 2005 BRAC hearing
Recorded August 10, 2005

Olympia Jean Snowe (née Bouchles; born February 21, 1947) is an American businesswoman and politician who was a United States Senator, representing Maine for three terms from 1995 to 2013. A lifelong member of the Republican Party, Snowe played an influential role in influencing the outcome of close votes in the U.S. Senate and in ending U.S. Senate filibusters.[3][4] In 2006, Time magazine named her one of "America's Best Senators".[5] Throughout her U.S. Senate career, she was considered one of the chamber's most moderate members.[6]

On February 28, 2012, Snowe announced that she would not seek re-election in the 2012 U.S. Senate election, and retired when her third term ended on January 3, 2013.[7] She cited hyperpartisanship, leading to a dysfunctional Congress, as her primary reason for her retirement. In January 2013, she was replaced by former Maine governor Angus King, a former Democrat and current independent.

In May 2012, Snowe was appointed senior fellow at the Bipartisan Policy Center in Washington, D.C., where she co-chairs its Commission on Political Reform and serves on the center's board of directors.[8]

Early life and education

[edit]

Snowe was born Olympia Jean Bouchles in Augusta, Maine, on February 21, 1947, the daughter of Georgia (née Goranites) and George John Bouchles. Her father emigrated to the United States from Sparta, Greece, and her maternal grandparents were Greek.[9][10] She is a member of the Greek Orthodox Church.[11]

When she was eight years old, her mother died of breast cancer. Less than a year later, her father died of cardiovascular disease. Left orphaned, she was moved to Auburn, where she was raised by her aunt, a textile mill worker, and uncle, a barber, along with their five children. Her brother John was raised separately by other family members. A few years later, disease also claimed her uncle's life. Snowe attended St. Basil's Academy in Garrison, New York for third through ninth grades, and then returned to Auburn, where she attended and graduated from Edward Little High School.

She then attended the University of Maine in Orono, where she graduated with a degree in political science in 1969. On December 29, 1969, shortly after graduating, she married Peter Snowe, a Republican Maine Representative, in New York City.[12]

Career

[edit]
Snowe as a Maine Senator in 1977
Snowe's official photo as a U.S. Representative in 1982
Snowe and President Ronald Reagan in the Oval Office in September 1986

Snowe entered politics and rose quickly, winning a seat on the Board of Voter Registration and then working for U.S. Representative and later U.S. Senator and U.S. Secretary of Defense William Cohen.

In 1973, tragedy again struck Snowe when her husband was killed in an automobile accident. At the urging of her family, friends, neighbors, and local leaders, Snowe ran for her husband's Auburn-based seat in the Maine House of Representatives, and, at the age of 26, won it. In 1974, she was re-elected. In 1976, she won election to the Maine Senate, where she represented Androscoggin County. The same year, she was a delegate to both Maine's Republican convention and to the Republican National Convention in Kansas City, Missouri, which nominated Gerald Ford as its nominee in the 1976 presidential election.

U.S. House of Representatives

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In 1978, Snowe ran for the U.S. House of Representatives and won. From 1979 and 1995, she represented Maine's 2nd congressional district, which included most of the northern two-thirds of Maine, including Bangor and her hometown of Auburn. As a U.S. Representative, Snowe served on the House Budget and House Foreign Affairs committees.[citation needed] In August 1983, Snowe voted for the bill establishing Martin Luther King Jr. Day as a federal holiday. In March 1988, she voted in support of the Civil Rights Restoration Act of 1987 and in support of overriding President Reagan's veto of it.[13][14][15]

In February 1989, Snowe married John R. McKernan Jr., then Governor of Maine. Snowe and McKernan served together as U.S. Representatives from Maine between 1983 and 1986. McKernan represented Maine's 1st congressional district. After marrying McKernan, Snowe served simultaneously as First Lady of Maine from 1989 to 1995 and a member of Congress. In 1991, tragedy again struck Snowe when her stepson Peter McKernan died from a heart ailment at the age of 20.[citation needed]

U.S. Senate

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Elections

[edit]
Snowe and her husband, former Maine Governor John R. McKernan Jr., with President George W. Bush and Laura Bush at a White House holiday reception in December 2002

In 1994, after then U.S. Senate Majority Leader George J. Mitchell chose not to seek re-election to the U.S. Senate, Snowe immediately declared her candidacy for the seat. In the general election, Snowe faced Democratic nominee Tom Andrews, a U.S. Representative then representing Maine's 1st congressional district. Snowe won election to the U.S. Senate, defeating Andrews 60–36% and carrying every county in the state as part of a national Republican election sweep in which Republicans captured both the U.S. House and U.S. Senate for the first time since 1954.

In the 2000 U.S. Senate election, Snowe was easily re-elected, defeating Mark Lawrence, then Maine Senate president, 69%–31%. Six years later, in the 2006 U.S. Senate election, Snowe was again re-elected overwhelming, cruising past Democratic opponent Jean Hay Bright, and winning with an electoral margin of 74% to 20.6%.[16] In each of her three U.S. Senate races in Maine, Snowe won every county in the state.

Tenure

[edit]
Snowe and the U.S. Secretary of the Navy Donald C. Winter meeting at Supervisor Shipbuilding at Bath Iron Works in Bath, Maine, in January 2006
Snowe and fellow U.S. Senator from Maine Susan Collins touring damaged areas of Maine in June 2007
In March 2008, while Snowe was a U.S. Senator, the record for the world's largest snowman or snowwoman was set in Bethel, Maine, with a snowwoman standing 122 feet 1 inch (37.21 m) in height and named Olympia in honor of Snowe.[17][18]

In February 1999, as a U.S. Senator, Snowe was an important voice during the U.S. Senate's impeachment trial of then-President Bill Clinton. She and fellow Maine Senator Susan Collins sponsored a finding of fact motion that would have allowed the Senate to vote separately on the charges facing Clinton and remedy for those charges. When the motion failed, Snowe and Collins voted to acquit Clinton, arguing that his perjury did not warrant his removal from office. Her occasional breaks with the Bush administration drew attacks from conservative [[Republican Party (United States)}|Republicans]], the Club for Growth, and Concerned Women for America, leading to her being labelled a Republican In Name Only, or RINO.

In October 2002, following the September 11 attacks, Snowe voted in favor of the Iraq Resolution, which authorized President George W. Bush to use of U.S. military force against Saddam Hussein in Iraq, which led to the 2003 invasion of Iraq five months later.

In February 2006, TheWhiteHouseProject.org named Snowe one of its "8 in '08", a group of eight female politicians who could possibly be elected president in the 2008 presidential election.[19]

As a U.S. Senator, Snowe voted to confirm each of four U.S. Supreme Court nominees who came before the U.S. Senate: John Roberts, Samuel Alito, Sonia Sotomayor, and Elena Kagan.

In April 2006, Snowe was selected by Time as one of "America's 10 Best Senators" and the only female U.S. Senator to be selected.[20] Time praised Snowe for her sensitivity to constituents, reporting that, "Because of her centrist views and eagerness to get beyond partisan point scoring, Maine Republican Olympia Snowe is in the center of every policy debate in Washington." She was awarded honorary degrees from Bates College in 1999 and the University of Delaware in 2008.

During the 110th United States Congress between 2007 and 2009, Snowe was present for each of the U.S. Senate's 657 floor votes.[21] She was one of only eight senators who did not miss any votes during that session.[21]

Snowe was the fourth woman to serve on the U.S. Senate Armed Services Committee and the first woman to chair the U.S. Senate Subcommittee on Seapower, which oversees the Navy and Marine Corps. In 2001, Snowe became the first Republican woman to secure a full-term seat on the U.S. Senate Finance Committee.

With her election in 1978, Snowe became the youngest female Republican ever elected to the U.S. House of Representatives. She is the first woman to have served in both houses of a U.S. state legislature and both houses of the U.S. Congress. Over her 35-year career as an elected official, Snowe never lost an election. In the 2006 U.S. Senate elections, she won re-election with 73.99% of the vote.

On February 27, 2012, citing excessive partisanship and a dispiriting political environment, Snowe announced she would not run for re-election in November 2012. Her unexpected decision delivered a potential blow to Republicans, who needed just a handful of seats to regain control of the U.S. Senate. Snowe was considered one of the safest Republican incumbents in the 2012 U.S. Senate elections.[22]

Gang of 14

[edit]
Further information: Gang of 14
Snowe meeting with U.S. Supreme Court Associate Justice nominee Samuel Alito in June 2015

On May 23, 2005, Snowe was one of fourteen senators, known as the Gang of 14, who defused a confrontation between Senate Democrats who were filibustering several judicial nominees and the Senate Republican leadership who wanted to use the nominations as a flashpoint to eliminate filibusters on nominees through the so-called nuclear option. The Gang of 13 brokered a compromise that precluded further filibusters or the implementation of the nuclear option for the remainder of the 109th Congress. Under its terms, Democrats retained the power to filibuster Bush judicial nominees in an "extraordinary circumstance". In exchange, Bush nominees Janice Rogers Brown, Priscilla Owen, and William Pryor were confirmed with simple majority vote by the full Senate. The Gang of 14 later played an important role in the confirmation of Chief Justice John Roberts and Associate Justice Samuel Alito, neither of which they asserted met the "extraordinary circumstances" provision outlined in their agreement. Snowe voted to confirm both Roberts and Alito.[23]

Committee assignments

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Snowe (first row on lower right), one of 16 female U.S. Senators in the 110th U.S. Congress, in January 2007

Caucus memberships

[edit]

Political positions

[edit]
Snowe meeting with U.S. Navy personnel returning from the War in Iraq at Naval Air Station Brunswick in Brunswick, Maine, August 2003
Snowe with fellow U.S. Senator from Maine Susan Collins in June 2007
Snowe and U.S. Senate Small Business and Entrepreneurship chair Mary Landrieu addressing the committee in June 2010

Snowe shares a centrist ideology with Susan Collins, her former U.S. Senate colleague from Maine, who still serves in the chamber. Collins is considered a "half-turn more conservative" than Snowe.[24] Snowe supports abortion rights and gay rights, and though she previously voted to block the repeal of "Don't ask, don't tell", she was one of eight Republican senators to vote for the act's repeal on December 18, 2010, ending the policy.[25] In her 2006 re-election campaign, she was one of two Republican Senate candidates endorsed by the prominent gay rights organization the Human Rights Campaign (the other was Lincoln Chafee of Rhode Island, who became a Democrat in 2013 and a Libertarian in 2019).[26] According to GovTrack, Snowe was the most liberal Republican senator in 2012–13 being placed by GovTrack's analysis to the left of every Republican and several Democrats.[27] In 2012, the non-partisan National Journal gave Snowe a composite 57% conservative score and a 43% liberal score.[28]

Snowe supported both President Clinton's involvement in Kosovo and President George W. Bush's invasions in Afghanistan and Iraq. On fiscal issues, she has voiced support for cutting taxes as economic stimulus, although she joined fellow Republican senators Lincoln Chafee and John McCain in voting against the Jobs and Growth Tax Relief Reconciliation Act of 2003. In 2004, she opposed the accelerated implementation of the Bush tax cuts citing budget concerns and she was joined by Senators Collins, McCain, and Chafee.[29]

Snowe is a member of the Republican Main Street Partnership and supports stem cell research. She is also a member of Republicans for Environmental Protection, the Republican Majority for Choice, Republicans for Choice and The Wish List (Women In the Senate and House), a group of pro-choice Republican women. Her highest composite conservative score according to the National Journal was a 63% in 2010 and her highest composite liberal score was a 55.5% in 2006.[28] She voted against the Federal Marriage Amendment, an amendment aimed at banning gay marriage, in 2004.[30] She voted against banning gay marriage in 2006 for a second time.[31] In 2005 and 2007, she voted to support embryonic stem-cell research.[32] In 2008, Snowe endorsed Republican candidate John McCain for President of the United States.[33]

In the 111th Congress, Snowe backed the release of additional Troubled Asset Relief Program (TARP) funds and the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act. While she opposed President Obama's budget resolution, she pledged to work in a bipartisan manner on the issues of health care reform and energy.[34]

In 2007, Olympia Snowe was among the Republicans who voted in favor of the McCain-Kennedy bill to give citizenship to undocumented immigrants.[35] However, she voted against the DREAM Act in 2010.[36] She also voted to continue funding to 'sanctuary cities', voted against eliminating the 'Y' guestworker visa program, but she also voted in favor of building a fence along the southern border and voted to make English the official language of the United States.[37]

"In October 2009, Snowe was the sole Republican in the Senate to vote for the Finance Committee’s health care reform bill."[32] However, she stated that she might not support the final bill due to strong reservations.[38] Snowe was one of three Republicans to break with their party and vote with Democrats to end a filibuster of a defense spending bill; the filibuster was meant to delay or stop the vote on health care legislation.[39] In December 2009, Snowe voted against cloture for two procedural motions and ultimately against the Senate Health Care Reform Bill. Snowe again voted against health care reform when she voted "no" on the Health Care and Education Reconciliation Act of 2010.[40]

Snowe announced in February 2012 that she would not seek re-election. At the time, it was reported that she and Democrat Ben Nelson (who also did not seek re-election) were the closest to each other, ideologically, of any two members of the U.S. Senate from opposite parties.[41]

In 2012, Snowe endorsed Republican candidate Mitt Romney for President of the United States.[42]

Post-Senate career

[edit]

In April 2013, after resigning from the U.S. Senate, Snowe announced her support for same-sex marriage.[43]

In 2013, Snowe was appointed to the board of directors of T. Rowe Price, an investment counsel firm.[44] In the 2016 presidential election, she opposed Donald Trump as the Republican nominee.[45] In January 2015, she said that she considered Jeb Bush and Hillary Clinton the least partisan 2016 presidential candidates.[46]

On November 8, 2020, five days after the election the 2020 presidential election as President Trump and others were claiming he won the election]], Snowe congratulated Joe Biden and Kamala Harris on their victory in the race.[47] On January 9, 2021, following the January 6 Capitol violence, Snowe called on Trump to "resign from office now to allow our nation to begin to heal and prepare for the transition to the Biden presidency".[48]

Electoral history

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Maine U.S. Senate Election 2006
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Republican Olympia Snowe (incumbent) 405,596 74.01%
Democratic Jean Hay Bright 113,131 20.59%
Independent William H. Slavick 26,222 5.37%
Maine U.S. Senate Election 2000
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Republican Olympia Snowe (incumbent) 437,689 68.94%
Democratic Mark Lawrence 197,183 31.06%
Maine U.S. Senate Election 1994
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Republican Olympia Snowe 308,244 60.24%
Democratic Tom Andrews 186,042 36.36%
Independent Plato Truman 17,205 3.36%
Maine's 2nd congressional district election 1992
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Republican Olympia Snowe (incumbent) 153,022 49.13%
Democratic Patrick K. McGowan 130,824 42.01%
Green Jonathan K. Carter 27,526 8.84%
Maine's 2nd congressional district election 1990
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Republican Olympia Snowe (incumbent) 121,704 51.02%
Democratic Patrick K. McGowan 116,798 48.97%
Maine's 2nd congressional district election 1988
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Republican Olympia Snowe (incumbent) 167,226 66.17%
Democratic Kenneth P. Hayes 85,346 33.77%
Maine's 2nd congressional district election 1986
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Republican Olympia Snowe (incumbent) 148,770 77.32%
Democratic Richard R. Charette 43,614 22.67%
Maine's 2nd congressional district election 1984
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Republican Olympia Snowe (incumbent) 192,166 75.72%
Democratic Chipman C. Bull 57,347 22.60%
Constitution Kenneth E. Stoddard 4,242 1.67%
Maine's 2nd congressional district election 1982
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Republican Olympia Snowe (incumbent) 136,075 66.65%
Democratic James Patrick Dunleavy 68,086 33.35%
Maine's 2nd congressional district election 1980
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Republican Olympia Snowe (incumbent) 186,406 78.50%
Democratic Harold L. Silverman 51,026 21.49%
Maine's 2nd congressional district election 1978
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Republican Olympia Snowe 87,939 50.82%
Democratic Markham J. Gartley 70,691 40.85%
Independent Frederick W. Whittaker 8,035 4.64%
Independent Eddie Shurtleff 1,923 1.11%
Independent Robert H. Burmeister 1,653 0.96%
Independent Margaret E. Cousins 1,573 0.91%
Independent Robert L. Cousins 1,223 0.71%

[49]

See also

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References

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  1. ^ "Data" (PDF). lldc.mainelegislature.org. 1975. Retrieved 2020-09-19.
  2. ^ "Data" (PDF). lldc.mainelegislature.org. 1979. Retrieved 2020-09-19.
  3. ^ Kane, Paul; Cillizza, Chris (February 29, 2012). "Sen. Olympia Snowe (R-Maine) says she'll retire, citing partisanship in Congress". The Washington Post. Retrieved March 7, 2012.
  4. ^ McGregor, Jena (February 29, 2012). "Losing Olympia Snowe". The Washington Post. Retrieved March 7, 2012.
  5. ^ "Olympia J. Snowe: The Caretaker". Time. 2006-04-14. Archived from the original on 2012-01-04. Retrieved 2007-04-07.
  6. ^ Hulse, Carl (February 10, 2009). "Maine Senators Break With Republican Party on Stimulus". The New York Times. Retrieved 2 October 2016.
  7. ^ "Maine GOP Sen. Olympia Snowe won't seek re-election". USA Today. 2012-02-28. Retrieved 2012-02-28.
  8. ^ "Olympia Snowe". Bipartisan Policy Center. 28 May 2013. Archived from the original on 23 October 2016. Retrieved 9 October 2016.
  9. ^ "Maine senator has history of being in the middle of things". Associated Press. April 11, 2003. Retrieved 2 October 2016.
  10. ^ Battle, Robert. "Ancestries of United States Senators: Olympia Snowe". self-published. Retrieved 2007-04-07.
  11. ^ Broder, David S. (1997-06-08). "A Real Woman's Issue". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on 2011-05-16. Retrieved 2007-04-07.
  12. ^ 'Peter Snowe Killed in Turnpike Crash,' Lewiston Daily Sun, April 11, 1973, pg. 1, 2
  13. ^ "TO SUSPEND THE RULES AND PASS H.R. 3706, A BILL ... -- House Vote #289 -- Aug 2, 1983". GovTrack.us.
  14. ^ "TO PASS S 557, CIVIL RIGHTS RESTORATION ACT, A BILL ... -- House Vote #506 -- Mar 2, 1988". GovTrack.us.
  15. ^ "TO PASS, OVER PRESIDENT REAGAN'S VETO, S 557, CIVIL RIGHTS ... -- House Vote #527 -- Mar 22, 1988". GovTrack.us.
  16. ^ Trygstad, Kyle; Miller, Joshua; Toeplitz, Shira (28 February 2012). "Olympia Snowe Shocks Colleagues With Retirement". rollcall.com. CQ Roll Call. Retrieved 4 January 2020.
  17. ^ "Topping 122 Feet, Snowman in Maine Vies for World Record". Fox News (Associated Press). 1 March 2008. Retrieved 8 January 2016.
  18. ^ "Tallest snowman". Guinness World Records. 26 February 2008. Retrieved 8 January 2016.
  19. ^ McAdams, Candace; Clinton, Lindsay (16 February 2006). "8 for '08 ™: THE WHITE HOUSE PROJECT AND PARADE ANNOUNCE EIGHT FEMALE CANDIDATES FOR 2008 PRESIDENCY". thewhitehouseproject.org. Archived from the original on 28 September 2006.
  20. ^ Calabresi, Massimo; Perry Bacon Jr. (2006-04-16). "America's 10 Best Senators". Time. Archived from the original on 2006-11-10. Retrieved 2007-04-07.
  21. ^ a b "Senate members who missed votes: 100th Congress". The Washington Post. 2009. Archived from the original on February 8, 2009. Retrieved February 4, 2009.
  22. ^ Steinhauer, Jennifer (February 29, 2012). "Olympia Snowe Won't Seek Re-election". The New York Times. Retrieved February 29, 2012.
  23. ^ "Olympia Snowe on Principles & Values". ontheissues.org. Retrieved 4 January 2020.
  24. ^ "How Maine's GOP Senators Are Key to Obama's Agenda". Time. 2009-02-12. Archived from the original on February 15, 2009.
  25. ^ "Senate votes to repeal ban on gays openly serving in military". CNN. December 20, 2010. Retrieved July 6, 2020.
  26. ^ "Archived copy". Human Rights Campaign. Archived from the original on 2012-06-12. Retrieved 2011-06-07.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  27. ^ "Olympia Snowe, former Senator for Maine – GovTrack.us". GovTrack.us. Retrieved 2018-07-18.
  28. ^ a b "Olympia Snowe's Ratings and Endorsements". votesmart.org.
  29. ^ Andrews, Edmund L. (21 May 2004). "Mutiny by 4 Republicans Over Bush's Tax Cutting Forces Delay on the Budget Vote". The New York Times. Retrieved 2018-08-03.
  30. ^ Hulse, Carl (2004-07-14). "Senate Vote Blocks Effort to Ban Gay Marriage in Constitution". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2018-05-29.
  31. ^ "Gay marriage ban defeated in Senate vote". MSNBC. 2006-06-07. Retrieved 2018-05-29.
  32. ^ a b "9 Snowe votes that angered the GOP". POLITICO. Retrieved 2018-05-29.
  33. ^ "Endorsement of John McCain". Youtube. 2007-02-02. Archived from the original on 2021-12-21. Retrieved 2007-04-06.
  34. ^ "Snowe Responds to President's Outline on the State of the American Economy". Senate Office of Olympia Snowe. 2009-04-14. Archived from the original on 2009-04-17. Retrieved 2009-04-14.
  35. ^ Goddard, Lisa. "The Senate immigration vote: How they voted". CNN. Retrieved 2018-05-29.
  36. ^ Willis, Derek. "Fails To Advance Dream Act – H.R.5281: Removal Clarification Act of 2010". ProPublica. Retrieved 2018-05-29.
  37. ^ "Olympia Snowe on Immigration". www.ontheissues.org. Retrieved 2018-07-18.
  38. ^ Republican's Vote Lifts a Health Bill, but Hurdles Remain, The New York Times, October 14, 2009.
  39. ^ "GOP Tries to Stall Bill to Fund Pentagon". Retrieved 2018-07-24.
  40. ^ "U.S. Senate: Legislation & Records Home > Votes > Roll Call Vote". Senate.gov. Retrieved 2010-08-29.
  41. ^ Olympia Snowe announces her retirement from the U.S. Senate Archived 2012-03-04 at the Wayback Machine, policyshop.net; February 29, 2012; accessed June 26, 2014.
  42. ^ Sonmez, Felicia (29 December 2011). "Romney nabs N.C. Sen. Richard Burr endorsement, gaining support of one-quarter of Senate GOP". The Washington Post.
  43. ^ Lisa Desjardins (April 5, 2013). "Now out of Senate, Snowe supports same-sex marriage". CNN. Archived from the original on April 8, 2013. Retrieved April 5, 2013.
  44. ^ "Investor Relations – T. Rowe Price Group". T. Rowe Price Group. Archived from the original on 2016-07-08. Retrieved 2016-07-19.
  45. ^ Mali, Meghashyam (2016-08-10). "Republican exodus from Trump grows". The Hill. Archived from the original on 2018-07-18. Retrieved 2018-07-18.
  46. ^ "Olympia Snowe, speaking at Lesley event, says Jeb Bush and Hillary Clinton least partisan of potential presidential candidates". The Boston Globe. Retrieved 2018-07-18.
  47. ^ Snowe, Olympia [@FormerSenSnowe] (November 8, 2020). "Congratulations to @JoeBiden and @KamalaHarris. The President-elect's speech reflects the opportunity we now have to heal our nation. We can also celebrate the historic election of VP-elect Kamala Harris who has proven there are no boundaries to what is possible for all women" (Tweet) – via Twitter.
  48. ^ Snowe, Olympia [@FormerSenSnowe] (January 9, 2021). "President Trump should resign from office now to allow our nation to begin to heal and prepare for the transition to the Biden presidency" (Tweet) – via Twitter.
  49. ^ "Federal Elections 2006: Election Results for the U.S. Senate and the U.S. House of Representatives 4 / 15" (PDF). fec.gov. Retrieved 7 January 2020.

Further reading

[edit]
  • Nine & Counting: The Women of the Senate, Boxer, Collins, Snowe et al., ISBN 0-06-095706-9.
  • Fighting for Common Ground: How We can Fix the Stalemate in Congress, Snowe, ISBN 1602862176
[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Olympia Snowe.
Maine Senate
Preceded by
Elmer Berry
 Member of the Maine Senate
from the 12th district
1977–1979 		Succeeded by
Barbara Trafton
U.S. House of Representatives
Preceded by Member of the U.S. House of Representatives
from Maine's 2nd congressional district
1979–1995 		Succeeded by
Honorary titles
Preceded by
Constance Brennan
 First Lady of Maine
1989–1995 		Succeeded by
Mary Herman
Party political offices
Preceded by Republican nominee for U.S. Senator from Maine
(Class 1)
1994, 2000, 2006 		Succeeded by
U.S. Senate
Preceded by U.S. Senator (Class 1) from Maine
1995–2013
Served alongside: William Cohen, Susan Collins 		Succeeded by
Preceded by Chair of the Senate Small Business Committee
2003–2007 		Succeeded by
John Kerry
Preceded by
John Kerry
 Ranking Member of the Senate Small Business Committee
2007–2013 		Succeeded by
U.S. order of precedence (ceremonial)
Preceded byas Former US Senator Order of precedence of the United States
as Former US Senator 		Succeeded byas Former US Senator
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Olympia_Snowe&oldid=1280321771"